Top 10 data availability infrastructure providers for ethereum rollups

The top 10 data availability infrastructure providers for Ethereum rollups include specialized projects like Celestia, EigenDA, and Avail, which help Layer 2 networks manage real-time financial data efficiently. As blockchain applications scale, these providers offer essential alternatives to Ethereum’s main network for publishing data and enabling independent state verification.

Choosing the right data availability (DA) solution involves more than comparing transaction costs or throughput. Developers must also evaluate security assumptions, data retrieval mechanisms, network architecture, integration requirements, and the relationship between the DA layer and Ethereum’s underlying security model.

The development of modular blockchain architecture has introduced specialized providers that separate data availability from execution and settlement. These solutions give rollup developers more flexibility when designing infrastructure for decentralized applications, gaming, decentralized finance, and other blockchain-based services.

In this article, we explore 10 data availability infrastructure providers for Ethereum rollups, highlighting their architectures, capabilities, and potential use cases. The selection focuses on specialized blockchain infrastructure projects rather than large, general-purpose technology companies.

What Is Data Availability Infrastructure for Ethereum Rollups?

Data availability infrastructure ensures that transaction data published by a blockchain or rollup can be accessed by participants who need to reconstruct its state and independently verify its operations.

Ethereum rollups execute transactions outside Ethereum’s main execution environment but rely on different mechanisms to publish transaction data. Depending on their architecture, rollups may use Ethereum’s native data availability capabilities, dedicated external DA networks, or alternative arrangements involving committees and specialized infrastructure.

Data availability is particularly important for optimistic rollups, where transaction data supports fraud-proof mechanisms and allows participants to reconstruct the rollup’s state. For validity rollups, data availability also affects whether users and operators can independently reconstruct state and access the information required for withdrawals.

Several infrastructure approaches are available:

• Ethereum-native data availability: Rollups publish transaction data through Ethereum, using mechanisms such as calldata or blobs.

• Dedicated modular DA networks: Specialized networks provide data availability services independently of the rollup’s execution environment.

• Restaking-based DA infrastructure: Providers use economic security mechanisms associated with staking and restaking ecosystems.

• Alternative availability architectures: Networks may use committees, specialized verification mechanisms, or project-specific infrastructure to provide data availability.

These approaches have different security assumptions and operational requirements. Consequently, selecting a provider should involve evaluating the complete architecture rather than relying on a single performance metric.

Top 10 Data Availability Infrastructure Providers for Ethereum Rollups

The following companies and infrastructure projects represent different approaches to data availability, from dedicated modular networks to Ethereum-native services and specialized availability architectures.

This list is intended as an infrastructure overview rather than a definitive ranking of security, performance, or commercial adoption. The projects are evaluated according to their relevance to Ethereum rollups, architectural specialization, and infrastructure capabilities.

1. Celestia

Specialization: Modular data availability network

Celestia is a modular blockchain infrastructure project focused on separating data availability from transaction execution. Its architecture allows developers to build application-specific blockchains and rollups without necessarily operating an independent consensus and data availability system.

The network uses data availability sampling (DAS) and erasure coding to support the verification and retrieval of published data. These mechanisms allow participants to check whether block data is available without downloading the entire block, helping improve scalability as network usage grows.

For Ethereum rollups, Celestia provides an alternative to publishing all transaction data directly on Ethereum. Developers can use its modular architecture to design systems with different execution environments while relying on a dedicated DA network.

Celestia is particularly relevant to teams building application-specific rollups, gaming infrastructure, and modular blockchain ecosystems. Its approach provides flexibility in how execution and data availability are organized, although developers must carefully assess the security assumptions associated with using an external DA network.

The distinction between data availability and Ethereum settlement is important. Using Celestia does not automatically give a rollup the same security properties as publishing its data directly on Ethereum.

Key capabilities:

• Modular data availability architecture.

• Data availability sampling and erasure coding.

• Infrastructure for application-specific rollups and blockchains.

• Separation of execution from data availability.

Best suited for: Developers building modular rollups that prioritize dedicated DA infrastructure and flexible execution environments.

2. EigenDA

Specialization: Restaking-based data availability infrastructure

EigenDA is a data availability service developed within the EigenLayer ecosystem. It provides infrastructure for rollups and other blockchain applications that need to publish and retrieve transaction data without relying exclusively on Ethereum’s native data storage mechanisms.

The platform uses a distributed operator architecture and EigenLayer’s restaking infrastructure to establish economic security for its data availability services. Its design focuses on providing scalable data publication while allowing applications to access infrastructure associated with Ethereum’s broader restaking ecosystem.

EigenDA is relevant to Ethereum rollup developers because it offers an alternative architecture for managing data availability requirements. Rather than treating DA as a function that must always be performed directly by Ethereum, applications can integrate with a specialized service designed around distributed operators.

However, restaking-based security should not automatically be interpreted as identical to Ethereum-native data availability. Developers need to understand the service’s operator assumptions, verification mechanisms, data retrieval guarantees, and applicable security model.

EigenDA is especially interesting for infrastructure teams that want to integrate data availability into a broader restaking-based architecture.

Key capabilities:

• Dedicated data availability service.

• Integration with the EigenLayer restaking ecosystem.

• Distributed operator infrastructure.

• Support for rollups and blockchain applications.

Best suited for: Ethereum-aligned applications evaluating restaking-based DA infrastructure and specialized data publication services.

3. Avail

Specialization: Modular data availability infrastructure

Avail is a modular blockchain infrastructure project focused on providing data availability services for rollups, application-specific chains, and other blockchain systems.

Its architecture separates data availability from execution, allowing developers to build applications without necessarily creating an independent infrastructure stack for every component.

Avail uses data availability sampling and cryptographic commitments to support data verification. These mechanisms are designed to help participants evaluate whether published data is available while reducing the amount of information that individual light clients need to process.

For Ethereum rollups, Avail offers an alternative infrastructure approach for teams that want to separate execution from data availability. Its modular design can be relevant to application-specific rollups and developers exploring different blockchain architectures.

The network’s capabilities should be evaluated in relation to the intended application. In particular, developers should distinguish the availability guarantees provided by Avail from the settlement and validity guarantees provided by Ethereum.

Avail is a relevant option for teams exploring modular infrastructure and looking for a dedicated DA layer rather than relying entirely on Ethereum-native data publication.

Key capabilities:

• Modular data availability architecture.

• Data availability sampling.

• Cryptographic data verification.

• Infrastructure for rollups and application-specific chains.

Best suited for: Developers building modular blockchain applications that need dedicated data availability infrastructure.

4. NEAR DA

Specialization: Scalable data availability services

NEAR DA is a data availability solution associated with the NEAR ecosystem. It is designed to provide blockchain applications with access to data availability infrastructure while separating certain data publication requirements from their execution environments.

The architecture is particularly relevant to rollup developers who want to explore alternative approaches to storing and retrieving transaction data.

NEAR’s broader infrastructure is built around sharding and scalable blockchain execution. Its DA services extend this infrastructure approach by allowing applications to use data availability capabilities without necessarily adopting NEAR as their primary execution environment.

For Ethereum rollups, NEAR DA represents an alternative to traditional Ethereum-native data publication. Developers can evaluate whether the service’s availability architecture, integration requirements, and operational characteristics align with their application.

The most important consideration is the relationship between the DA service and the rollup’s security assumptions. External data availability infrastructure introduces requirements that differ from publishing transaction data directly on Ethereum.

Key capabilities:

• Data availability infrastructure associated with NEAR.

• Support for modular application architectures.

• Alternative data publication and retrieval arrangements.

• Infrastructure for rollup and blockchain developers.

Best suited for: Rollup developers exploring alternative data availability infrastructure and modular blockchain architectures.

5. 0G

Specialization: Modular infrastructure for data-intensive applications

0G is a blockchain infrastructure project focused on data-intensive applications, including AI-related workloads and decentralized infrastructure.

Its architecture emphasizes the separation of data availability, storage, and other infrastructure functions. This approach is relevant to developers building applications that need to manage large amounts of information while maintaining decentralized verification capabilities.

For Ethereum rollups, 0G represents an alternative infrastructure direction that extends beyond conventional transaction-data publication. Its broader focus on data-intensive applications makes it relevant to teams exploring modular architectures for applications with different storage and availability requirements.

The project should not be treated as interchangeable with every Ethereum DA provider. Its suitability depends on the application’s data requirements, supported integration architecture, and the security guarantees needed by the rollup.

Developers evaluating 0G should pay particular attention to how its infrastructure supports the specific transaction-data availability requirements of their application.

Key capabilities:

• Infrastructure for data-intensive blockchain applications.

• Modular data availability architecture.

• Focus on AI-related and decentralized data workloads.

• Separation of infrastructure functions.

Best suited for: Developers exploring modular blockchain infrastructure for data-intensive applications and specialized workloads.

6. Espresso Systems

Specialization: Distributed blockchain infrastructure and data availability

Espresso Systems develops blockchain infrastructure focused on improving the coordination and scalability of decentralized applications.

Its infrastructure includes components relevant to rollup architectures, including distributed sequencing and data availability-related mechanisms. The project is particularly relevant to developers interested in how transaction ordering, coordination, and data publication can work together.

For Ethereum rollups, Espresso’s architecture provides an alternative infrastructure perspective. Rather than considering DA in isolation, developers can evaluate how data availability interacts with sequencing, transaction execution, and the broader rollup system.

Espresso’s relevance depends on the specific infrastructure component being evaluated. Its distributed sequencing capabilities should not be confused with a general-purpose DA service, and developers should assess the exact availability guarantees of the applicable architecture.

This makes Espresso an interesting project for teams researching modular rollup infrastructure and the relationship between sequencing and data availability.

Key capabilities:

• Distributed blockchain infrastructure.

• Rollup coordination and sequencing-related capabilities.

• Infrastructure research focused on scalability.

• Data availability-related architecture.

Best suited for: Rollup developers evaluating distributed sequencing and modular infrastructure components.

7. Arbitrum AnyTrust

Specialization: Committee-based data availability architecture

Arbitrum AnyTrust is an alternative data availability architecture associated with the Arbitrum ecosystem.

Its design uses a Data Availability Committee (DAC) to provide data availability services. Instead of requiring all transaction data to be published directly on Ethereum, the architecture relies on committee members to maintain and provide access to the relevant data.

This approach can help rollups manage data publication requirements while reducing reliance on Ethereum’s native data storage for every transaction.

AnyTrust is relevant to Ethereum rollup developers because it illustrates how data availability arrangements can be tailored to different application requirements. However, its security assumptions differ from those of a rollup that publishes all transaction data directly on Ethereum.

The committee model introduces additional trust considerations. Developers must evaluate committee membership, data retention, retrieval procedures, and fallback mechanisms when determining whether the architecture is appropriate.

AnyTrust is therefore best understood as a specialized availability arrangement rather than a universal replacement for Ethereum-native DA.

Key capabilities:

• Data availability committee architecture.

• Alternative data publication arrangements.

• Integration with the Arbitrum ecosystem.

• Infrastructure designed for specific rollup configurations.

Best suited for: Application teams evaluating committee-based availability models and Arbitrum ecosystem infrastructure.

8. StarkWare

Specialization: Validity-proof rollup infrastructure

StarkWare develops blockchain infrastructure centered on validity proofs and scalable transaction execution.

Its technology is relevant to rollups that use cryptographic proofs to demonstrate the validity of state transitions. StarkWare’s infrastructure includes systems designed for applications that need high transaction throughput and specialized execution environments.

For Ethereum rollups, the relationship between validity proofs and data availability is particularly important. A proof can establish that a state transition is valid, but users still need access to the appropriate data or state information to independently reconstruct the system and interact with it.

StarkWare’s infrastructure therefore provides an important example of how data availability requirements differ from execution and proof-generation requirements.

Developers should evaluate the specific StarkWare product and its data availability configuration rather than assuming that every system uses the same publication mechanism.

Key capabilities:

• Validity-proof infrastructure.

• Scalable rollup execution.

• Cryptographic verification mechanisms.

• Infrastructure for application-specific blockchain systems.

Best suited for: Developers building validity-proof rollups and evaluating the relationship between execution, verification, and data availability.

9. Polygon CDK

Specialization: Modular rollup development infrastructure

Polygon CDK is a development framework designed to help teams build customized blockchain networks and rollup-based infrastructure.

Its modular approach allows developers to configure blockchain systems according to their application requirements, including execution environments, interoperability, and data availability arrangements.

For Ethereum rollups, Polygon CDK is relevant because it provides infrastructure for building customized networks rather than requiring every application to adopt the same architecture.

The data availability configuration depends on the specific deployment. Developers should distinguish the framework itself from the DA provider or availability mechanism selected for a particular rollup.

This distinction is important when comparing infrastructure providers. A rollup development framework can support different DA arrangements, but it is not necessarily a standalone DA network.

Polygon CDK is therefore best evaluated as infrastructure for designing and deploying rollups with configurable data availability requirements.

Key capabilities:

• Modular rollup development.

• Configurable blockchain infrastructure.

• Support for application-specific networks.

• Integration with different availability architectures.

Best suited for: Teams developing customized Ethereum rollups and evaluating configurable DA infrastructure.

10. Nuffle Labs

Specialization: NEAR-based modular blockchain infrastructure

Nuffle Labs develops modular blockchain infrastructure associated with the NEAR ecosystem.

Its work is relevant to data availability because modular rollup architectures require infrastructure that separates execution, data publication, and verification responsibilities.

Nuffle Labs has been associated with NEAR DA infrastructure and efforts to make data availability capabilities accessible to blockchain developers.

For Ethereum rollups, this infrastructure represents another approach to building applications that rely on specialized availability services rather than publishing all transaction data directly on Ethereum.

Developers should evaluate the specific service, integration options, and availability guarantees associated with the infrastructure they intend to use.

Nuffle Labs is particularly relevant when researching the NEAR DA ecosystem and the development of modular blockchain services.

Key capabilities:

• Modular blockchain infrastructure.

• NEAR ecosystem integration.

• Data availability-related development.

• Infrastructure for rollup-oriented applications.

Best suited for: Developers researching NEAR-based DA infrastructure and modular rollup architectures.

How to Choose a Data Availability Infrastructure Provider for Ethereum Rollups

Selecting a DA provider requires understanding the rollup’s security requirements, operating costs, and data retrieval expectations.

1. Evaluate the security model

The first consideration is how the infrastructure guarantees data availability.

Ethereum-native publication, modular DA networks, restaking-based services, and committee-based architectures rely on different mechanisms.

Developers should examine the availability guarantees, verification procedures, operator assumptions, and recovery mechanisms associated with each solution.

A provider should not be considered Ethereum-equivalent simply because it supports Ethereum rollups or integrates with Ethereum-related infrastructure.

2. Compare data publication and retrieval requirements

Data publication is only one part of the availability process.

Rollup operators, users, and independent participants may need to retrieve transaction data to reconstruct state, verify operations, or support withdrawal mechanisms.

The selected infrastructure should provide a clear explanation of how data is published, retrieved, and retained.

This is particularly important for optimistic rollups, which need appropriate data access during their challenge periods.

3. Assess throughput and scalability

Throughput requirements depend on the rollup’s transaction volume and the size of its transaction data.

A DA solution should be evaluated according to its capacity, data publication process, network conditions, and scalability architecture.

Developers should avoid comparing throughput figures without understanding the measurement methodology and whether the reported capacity reflects production usage or theoretical performance.

4. Understand the cost structure

DA costs can significantly affect rollup operating economics.

The total cost may include transaction publication, data storage, operator services, infrastructure maintenance, and other application-specific requirements.

A provider with a lower advertised data publication price may not necessarily offer the lowest overall operating cost.

Teams should compare the total cost of their intended deployment rather than focusing exclusively on a single fee metric.

5. Check integration and compatibility

Infrastructure compatibility is another important consideration.

Developers should evaluate whether the provider supports their execution environment, rollup framework, data format, verification mechanism, and required integration architecture.

A modular DA provider may offer flexibility, but integration can introduce additional engineering requirements.

The most suitable solution is one that supports the application’s actual architecture without introducing unnecessary complexity.

6. Review data retention and recovery

Data availability and long-term data storage are related but distinct concepts.

Some systems provide availability guarantees for a defined period, while applications may need transaction history or archival data for much longer.

Developers should understand the provider’s retention model, data retrieval requirements, recovery procedures, and any additional storage services needed.

For rollups, this evaluation should account for the period during which users or operators need access to transaction data.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What are the best data availability infrastructure providers for Ethereum rollups?

Celestia, EigenDA, Avail, and NEAR DA are among the specialized infrastructure projects relevant to Ethereum rollup data availability. Other projects, including 0G and infrastructure associated with Espresso Systems, offer approaches that may be relevant depending on the application’s architecture.

The best provider depends on security assumptions, integration requirements, data retrieval needs, and operating costs.

2. Is data availability the same as data storage?

No. Data availability focuses on whether published data can be accessed by participants who need to verify or reconstruct a system’s state.

Data storage focuses on retaining information over time.

A DA solution may provide availability guarantees for a specific period without automatically offering permanent archival storage.

3. Do Ethereum rollups need to use Ethereum for data availability?

Not every rollup uses Ethereum-native data availability.

Some rollups publish transaction data directly on Ethereum, while others use external DA networks or alternative availability arrangements.

The choice depends on the rollup’s security model, operating requirements, and intended architecture.

4. What is the difference between Celestia and EigenDA?

Celestia is a modular blockchain network focused on data availability, while EigenDA is a data availability service associated with EigenLayer’s restaking ecosystem.

Their architectures, security assumptions, operator models, and integration requirements differ.

Developers should evaluate both according to the specific availability guarantees and infrastructure requirements of their rollup.

5. Can a validity-proof rollup operate without data availability?

A validity proof can establish that a state transition is valid, but it does not automatically guarantee that the underlying transaction data is accessible.

Data availability remains important for users and operators who need to reconstruct state, verify information, or interact with the rollup.

The exact requirements depend on the rollup’s architecture and data publication model.